Anchor.



m .w w l m W PATBNTBDNOV. 6, 1906.

f1 M 9N f 7 a a M m ANCHOR.

APPLIOATIGN FILED 001213. 1904.

F. B. LANGSTON.

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M. gw

PATBNTED Nov. 6, 1906.'

F. B. LANGSTON.

ANCHOR.

APPLIQATIONIHLBD 001213, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

hlllllll PATBNTED NOV. 6, 1906.

F. B. LANGSTON.

ANCHOR.

APPLICATION FILED 001213. 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEiGE. l

Specification of Letters Patent.

` Application filed October 13,1904. Serial No. 228,300.

Patented Nov. 6, 1906.

.To aZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I', FREDERICK BowMAN LANGsToN, engineer, residing at Brooklyn, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Relating to Anchors,

of which t e following is a specification.

This invention has for its object anchoring devices in which the seizing device is sunk,

owing to the fact that the ground is softened ro or loosened beneath it by fluid under pressure in such a manner that the seizing device is able to sink into the subsoil owing to its own weight.

In accordance with this invention the seizing device isheld in such a position during sinking that it penetrates the ground with but little resistance and that after it has entered Vthe ground it is released and reversed in such a manner as to oppose great resistance zo to withdrawal. An important feature is .that the seizing device may be constructed with a disk or mushroom shaped seizing member, b which l"means special advantages are secure ,in the operation and construction of the anchoring device. A further important point is that the pipe for the fluid under pressure is able to serve as means for locking the seizing device in the position re uired for the sinking of the anchor. n the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to 6 represent a constructional form of anchor, viz: Fig. 1 is a face view of the imrovement in a non-resisting position in the ed of the waterway. Fig. 2 is a transverse secti'onof the same. Fig. 3 is a corresponding side elevation after the locking device has been -released and the reversal has commenced. Fi 4 is a similar side elevation when reversa into the o eri-orresisting position has taken place. lig., 5 is a front ele-- vation corres onding to Fig.4. Fig. 6 is a plan view of ig. 4. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 show afurther constructional form of the anchor. ing device, viz: Fig. 7- is a sectional front elevation lof the impro-vement in a closed non-resisting position. Fig. 8 is a like xdew of the same in an open or resisting position.

- Fig. 9 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line 1 1 of Fig. igs. 10412 represent 5o a third constructionalV form of. the. anchor, viz: Figs. lO'and 11' slow thea'nchor'in tlie 1. position for sinking, and Fig. 12 shows the same in the locked position. Fi s. 13 and 14 represent a-fourthconstructiona form of the 5 5 armature in both positions.

'. Inthe anchoring device represented in Figs. 1-6 the seizing or holding member 1 .is of disk or mushroom like formation. This anchoring-.member is held in 'the'same direction as the bar of the anchor-chain dur y y6o ing the sinking process. In the holding osi'l tion the seizing member lies transverse y of the anchor-chain. (See Fig. 4.) The anchor-chain bar 2 is connected with 4the 4two leverarms 4 and'5l by means of a bolt 3 u on 65 its lower end, the other extremities oft ese arms being rotatably connected, by means of the joints 6 6, with the atfshaped-seizing v member 1.

An eye 7 is provided on the anchor-chain -7o bar 2. Between the two joints6-i6 a small.

plate Sis fixed upon the seizing member 1, at.4 1w

about the center of this latter, bymeansfo Between this plate 8 and-the seize.;Y l ing member 1, Fig. 6, an opening 9 is pro `--"7 5 screws.

vided for the passage of the ipe 1,2 for Ith e rection as the anclidr-chain bar 2, 2.- In

this position, Fig.",2 J the eye 7 is situated be-` tween the two openings 9 and ,11, thearms 4 and 5 'being applied upon the seizing mem- 9o ber 1. Owing to the fact that the pipe 12 for the iluid under pressure also passes through the eye 7 in the position shown in Fig. 2,'the i arms 4 5 are bolted to the seizing member 1' The pipe 12 for the fluid under` pressure then 95 projects below, with its mouth 13 below the seizing member.

In the constructional form here represented a cap or shield 14 is also provided upon the seizing member and during the sinking of the seizing member protects the lower extremity of the anchor-chain bar 2 andthe lever and locking devicerom becoming foul and frominjury at the same time. Owing to the pointing of the seizing member 1, it facilitates its penetration, and owing to the :resistance-produced bythe pull on the anchor-chainlin the ground it facilitates the reversal of the seizing member.

, Sinking of the anchoring device is produced with the parts occupying the position represented ,in ig. 2, iiuid under pressure IIO being forced throu h the"pipe 12 under the seizing member 1. giddy this means the ground below this latter is loosened, so that the seizing member 1'is able to sink under the influence of gravity. When the seizing member 1 has entered the ground to a sufficient depth, the pipe 12 for the iiuid under pressure is raised in such-a mannerthat itis withdrawn from the openings 9, 10, and 11. By this means the eye is released, so that the vlocking hitherto produced by the pipe 12 for the fluid under pressure is released. If tractive effort is-then exerted upon the anchor-chain 15,- the seizing member has a tendency to place itself' transversely ofthe anchor-chain. This tendency is increased owing tothe fact that the cap 14. offers resistance, but more particularly the upper edge of the seizing member.-

Owing to Athe traction of the chain, the arms 4 5 are brought into the position represented in Fig. 3, which is limited by the stops 16. By this means the point of `attack of the chain is removed l'by the length of the arms 4 5, and lthis in such a manner that the Vtraction has a Atendency to rotate the seizing body 1 as the arms 4 5 and the anchor-chain bar 2 tend to set themselves in the extended position represented in Fig. 4. The resistance of the protecting-cap 14 and the up er edge of the seizing member coperate fin t is action. This resistance forms acouple with the tractive effort acting on the chain and effectively starts and assists the transverse placing of the seizing member 1.

For the purpose of facilitating the manipulation of the anchoring device the conduit for the fluid vunder pressure and the chain 15 might be connected by means of guides. To this end eyes 27 are shown in the drawings on the pipe 12, and through these eyes the chain 15 is pssead.

In the constructional form represented in Figs. 7 -9 the anchor member is provided with any number of arms 17, grouped in the form of a star. During the sinking of the anchoring device these arms are set in the same direction as the pipe for the fluid under pressure-that is to say, as the axis of the anchor member 18, upon which they-are rotatably mounted upon the pins 19. When pull is exerted upon the anchor-chain after withdrawal of the pipe, the pressure of theearth produces the displacement of lthe lockingarms 17 into the vtransverse position. The anchor member 18 isl also rovided with -a guide-passage 20, through w 'ch the ipe 12 for the fluid under pressure is passe The anchor-body is suspended by means of-a stra or shackle 21 from the anchor-chain 15. -n this case also the pipe for the fluid under pressure lforms a art of the locking device y means of whic the locking-arms 17 are maintained in the closed position represented in Fig. 7. To this end the eyes 22 are provided upon the arms 17. These eyes 22 are.

extends below out of the anchor-body.

When a sufficient de thof anchoring has been attained, the locking of the arms 17 is released by raisin the pipe 12 for the fluid under pressure, w ereupon the rarms 17 fall outward into the position represented in Fig.

8. This dis lacement of the arms 17 is facilitated and) lassisted by the pull upon the anchor-chain. To the same end 4the arms are bent somewhat outward at the upper extremities, whereby when the anchor-body is pulled upon 4the pressure of the earth acts still more effectively for producing the reversal of the arms 17 In the constructional form shown in Figs. 10-12 the seizin device 23 constitutes a `prolongation of t e pipe 12 for the fluid under pressure. The water under pressure here passes through the seizing member itself, owing to the tubular form of this flatter. In

' this Vcase -the tubular seizing member may be inserted within the pipe 1-2 for the fluid under pressure, 'as shown in Figs. 10 and 11, or it may be passed outwardly over the mouth of this ipe. After lthe release of the pipe for the duid under pressure from the sei-zing member 23 this latter-assumes the position shown in Fig. 12, owing to the pull -upon the anchor-chain.

In the constructional form shown in Figs. 13 andl '14 the anchor member is formed like a quadrangular plate 24. This carries a transverse piece 25, to which the anchorchain is attached. It is also 4provided with an eye 26. If the pipe 12 for the fluid under pressure is carried through this eye 26 and a corresponding opening 28 in the cross-piece 25, the seizing'member is held locked edgewise, as shown in Fig. 13. After the withdrawal of the -pipe 12 -the reversal of the -anchor-plate into the position represented in Fig. 14 takes place in vthe same manner as already described..

From the foregoing it will be understood that the constructional form of theanchorbody and of the seizing-body may vary widely. The important point in each case is that the seizingy device of the anchor shall ,be so arranged during sinking that d uring this operation they offer the least possible resistance and that only after the sinkin o eration is completed do vthey pass into t e olding or extended position, either automatically or by the release of the locking device or owing to the'conditionsbrought about by the pull upon the-anchor-chain. The locking of the seizing-body in the unextended or e ewiseposition may take rplace by means of t e an anchor-chain connected with the said anipe for the fluid underiressure, and the lbckin member or members may be of any desire form.

When the pi e for the fluid under pressure has been with raWn and the locking device released, the fluid may also be employed for facilitating the alteration of the position of the anchoring;body. This may take place, for example, owing to the fact that the earth which stands in the way of change of position of the anchor-body is carried away by the water under pressure which is discharged by the fluid-pipe above the anchoring' device.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A mooring device comprising an anchor, a fluidressure driving-pipe and a locking device or holding the anchor on the said fluid-pressure driving-pipe in a non-resisting position while sinking it and to unlock the anchor after it is sunk to the desired depth in the bed of the Waterway.

2. A mooring device comprising an anchor, a fluidressure drivin -pipe, a locking device for olding the anc ior on the said fluidpressure driving-pipe in a non-resisting position while sinking it and to unlock the anchor after it is sunk to the desired depth in the bed of the waterway, and means for turning the. anchor after being unlocked from a non-re sisting position to a resisting position.

3. A mooring device comprising an anchor, an anchorcable, a fluid-pressure driving member for the said anchor and on which the anchor is locked in a non-resisting position during the sinking of the anchor, the said fluid-pressure driving member on being wi thdrawn unlocking the anchor and the said cable on exerting a pull on the anchor after the latter is unlocked causing the anchor to pass into a resisting position.

4. A mooring device comprising an anchor, an anchor-chain, and a fluid-pressure pipe on which the said anchor is held in a non-resisting position during the sinking of the anchor, the said chain', on exerting a pull, causing the anchor to pass into a resisting position.

5. A mooring device comprising an anchor, an anchor-chain connected with the anchor, a liuidressure pipe, and means for locking the sai anchor to the said pipe in a non-resisting position, the pi e, on beingv withdrawn,unlocking the anc or from the pipe, to allow ofturning the anchor into a resisting position on exerting a pull on the saidl chain.

6. A mooring device comprising an anchor, an anchor-chain connected with the said anchor, and a fluid-pressure pipe engaging the said anchor across its face, to hold the anchor in a non-resisting position during the sinking of the anchor.

7. A mooring device comprising an anchor,

chor, and a fluid-pressure pipe engaging the said ancnor across its face, to hold the anchor in a non-resistin position during the sinkinr of the anchor, t e discharge' end of the sai fluidressure pipe extending through a hooked portion of the anchor.

8. A mooring device comprising an anchor, an anchor-chain connected with the said anchor, and a fluid-pressure pipe engaging the said anchor across its face, to hold the anchor in a non-resistin position dui'in the sinkin of the anchor, t e discharge en of the sai fluid ressure pipe extending through a hooked portion of the anchor, the said anchor having its shank made in sections locked to the fluid-pressure pipe during the sinking of the anchor.

9. A mooring device comprising an anchor, an anchor-chain connected with the said anchor, and a fluid-pressure pipe engaging the said anchor across its face, to hold the anchor in a non-resisting position durin the sinkin of the anchor, the discharge en of the sai fluid-pressure pipe extending throu h a hooked portion of the anchor, the sai anchor having its shank made in sections locked to the fiuid-pressure pipe during the sinking of the anchor, the sections being unlocked on withdrawal of the said pipe, to allow the sections to swing into an angular position, one relative to the other, for turning the anchor on exerting a pull on the said anchor-chain.

10. A mooring device comprising an anchor, an anchor-cable for the anchor, a uidpressure driving-pipe for the said anchor, and a connection between the said anchor and the said 'luidressure driving-pipe to hold the anchor locked to the fluid-pressure driving-pipe in a non-resisting position and to allow withdrawal of the said fluid-pressure driving-pipe to unlock the anchor, the said cable on exerting a pull on the unlocked anchor causing the anchor to pass into a resisting iosition.

11. mooring device provided with an anchor having a sectional shank, the sections being pivotally connected with each other, one of the sections being pivotall connected with the body of the anchor and eld against movement in one direction relative to the said anchor-body, and an anchor-chain connected with the free end of the other shanksection. r

12. A mooring device having an anchor of disk sha e, and a hood extending over a portion of t ie anchor along the edge and face of the anchor.

13. A mooring device having an anchor of disk shape, a hood extending over a portion of the anchor along the edge and face of the anchor, and a drivin member extending across the face of t e said anchor and through an opening in the bottom of the hood at the edge of the anchor.

14. A mooring device having an anchor of disk shape, a hood extending over a portion IOO IIO

of the anchor along the edge and face of the anchor,l and a drivin member extendin across the face of t e said anchor ang through an ,opening 1n the bottom of the hood at the edge of the anchor, the said member also passing'through a recess in the edge of the anchor diametrically opposite the said opening.

15. mooring device having an anchor of disk shape, a hood extending over a portion of the anchor along the edge and face of the anchor, and a driving member extendino' across the face .of the said anchor an through an opening in the bottom of the hood at the edge of the anchor, the said member also passing through a bearing in the middle of the anchor.

16. A mooring device comprising an anchor having a disked body and a shankmadeA 1n sections, one`of the sections being pivotally connected'with the said body, an ansection, a fluid-pressure pi e having a beareye on the shank, enga ded position on the p pe and to allow In Witness whereof I' have hereuntosigned FREDERICK BOWMAN LANGSTON.

VVOLDEMAR HAUPT. 

